考研英语阅读解题方法：例证题题
导语：考研英语阅读是整体试卷分数最重的部分，历年都是兵家必争之地，也是让很多考生很“忧愁”的题型之一。下面小编为您收集整理了，希望对您有帮助！
一、判断题型
通过对考研英语阅读文章题干的观察分类例证题题干特点如下，当题干中出现example，demonstrate，illustrate，case，story等词即可判断该题干为例证题，见历年真题题干如下：
1. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____. (2008 text3)
2. George Washington's dental surgery in mentioned to____. (2008 text 4)
3. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)
4. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce____. (2007 text 4)
二、方法
通过对历年真题的分析，例证题的考察主要考察的是论点论据的区分，即找出例子论证的论点。例证题可细分为两种类型：例子在文首、例子在文中。例子在文首时，多为了引出文章主题，主题通常紧随例子后面；例子在文中时，多为刚刚陈述一个观点，接着举例论证的情况，所以观点多数情况紧随例子前面。
例子在文首见历年真题题干如下：
1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____. (2006 Text 3)
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
例子出现在文章首段，用过去式陈述过去发生在大型肉食动物身上的事情，一段末通过now这个时间指示副词和文章开头的arrived之间的.对比提出文章主题，Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。正确答案为最后首段末句的同义替换，C。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
一段通过一个现象的叙述，引出二段首的观点，此篇文章，主旨句特点比较明显，为二段首的问句，问题的答案即为主旨，what might account for this strange phenomenon?首段中的问句及二段首的问句就是文章的主旨，另见2001text4，2002text3。2005年第二篇及2007年第二篇首段连续出现多个并列问句的情况不是文章主旨。
三、错误选项特点
通过对真题的分析，例证题错误选项的特征多为就事论事，混淆论点论据。见真题如下：
1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____. (2006 Text 3)
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment（文中一段例子中的细节，不可概括主题）
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared（文中一段例子中的细节，不可概括主题）
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones（与文中一段三句相矛盾，属于一段例子中的细节上的反向干扰。）
综合分析其它三个干扰选项特征其实一句话概括，即题干问为什么举例，而干扰选项在说这个例子本身——就事论事，混淆论点论据。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
（球员出生现象不能够直接强调职业训练的重要性，此处通过球员出生的例子在没有论证的情况下，还不能得出结论，即天才是后天造就的，文章的论证是下面的逻辑顺序：球员出生现象的引子——原因的猜测：某些星相学玄学原因？——接着通过埃里克森的实验得出结论：天才是后天造就。该选项跳跃性太强，出现了逻辑断层。）
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
（例证为了引出主题：二段首，卓越的原因，而不是讨论球员本身，选项B非作者意图。）
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
（文章中说的是球员，不是球队，属于一段例子中的细节上的偷换概念。）
通过对干扰选项的观察，B、D两个干扰项的特点都是就事论事，讨论例子本身，非作者意图，没有分清论点论据。
